All US holdings of this investor are reported in this report. The Form 13F report requires disclosure of the manager that files the report, the name and class of the security, the CUSIP code, the number of shares as
of the end of the calendar quarter for which the report is filed, and the total market value. The market value
column should not be used as a substitute for Assets Under Management (AUM), as it does not include cash held in
accounts.
* Reported Price is the price of the security as of the portfolio date. This value is significant in that it is the last known price at which the security was still held.
An asterisk sign (*) next to the price indicates that the price is likely invalid.
Person Signing this Report on Behalf of Reporting Manager:
Name
Title
City, State
Date
Jodi Hedberg
Chief Compliance Officer
Pittsford, New York
8/13/2024
Karpus Management, Inc. (the "Reporting Person") is owned by City of London Investment Group plc ("Parent"). Parent also owns City of London Investment Management Company Limited ("CLIM"). There are information barriers and procedures in place to ensure that investment discretion by the Reporting Person is exercised independently from Parent and CLIM. As such, the Reporting Person reports the Section 13(f) positions over which it exercises investment discretion on a separate Form 13F from CLIM.
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